Course Sections | Registrar

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ART-210-01=ENG-180-01. Dismissed once as kids' fare or shrugged off as sub-literate-"in the hierarchy of applied arts," Art Spiegelman once wrote, comic books surpass only "tattoo art and sign painting"-comics today are enjoying their Renaissance. In 2015, comics and graphic novel sales topped $1 billon, a 20-year high. Award-winning writers now moonlight for Marvel (Roxanne Gay, Ta-Nehisi Coates) or pen essays on Peanuts (Jonathan Franzen). Superheroes dominate the big screen. In this class, we'll explore this deceptively simple medium as it develops its special abilities. We'll use Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics, a critical text that is itself a comic, to become smart readers of sequential art. Hillary Chute's new book Why Comics? will help us to frame comics's enduring subject matters: sex, the suburbs, disasters, and superheroes. Readings might include Alison Bechdel's Fun Home, selection from the Hernandez Brothers' Love and Rockets, Spiegelman's Maus, Lynda Barry's One! Hundred! Demons!, and works by Daniel Clowes, Harvey Pekar, R. Crumb, Ebony Flowers, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, and others. The course is open to all students; underclassmen are encouraged to enroll. There will be capes and tights.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-180-01=ART-210-01=ENG-180-01F=ART-210-01F. Dismissed once as kids' fare or shrugged off as sub-literate-"in the hierarchy of applied arts," Art Spiegelman once wrote, comic books surpass only "tattoo art and sign painting"-comics today are enjoying their Renaissance. In 2015, comics and graphic novel sales topped $1 billon, a 20-year high. Award-winning writers now moonlight for Marvel (Roxanne Gay, Ta-Nehisi Coates) or pen essays on Peanuts (Jonathan Franzen). Superheroes dominate the big screen. In this class, we'll explore this deceptively simple medium as it develops its special abilities. We'll use Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics, a critical text that is itself a comic, to become smart readers of sequential art. Hillary Chute's new book Why Comics? will help us to frame comics's enduring subject matters: sex, the suburbs, disasters, and superheroes. Readings might include Alison Bechdel's Fun Home, selection from the Hernandez Brothers' Love and Rockets, Spiegelman's Maus, Lynda Barry's One! Hundred! Demons!, and works by Daniel Clowes, Harvey Pekar, R. Crumb, Ebony Flowers, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, and others. The course is open to all students; underclassmen are encouraged to enroll. There will be capes and tights.

VIRTUAL COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. REL-295-01D=ART-210-03D=HUM-295-01D. This course explores a variety of representations of the Holocaust in theology, literature, film, and art. This interdisciplinary course examines the creative and material work of historians, theologians, novelists, poets, graphic novelists, painters, film makers, composers, photographers, and museum architects. The course explores the limits and possibilities of representing atrocity by raising such questions as: Can suffering be represented? What do representations of the Jewish genocide convey to 21st century citizens and subsequent generations of Jews and Christians? Is it barbaric to write poetry and fiction, paint or compose music, film documentaries and TV comedies, draw cartoons and graphic novels, publish photographs or erect monuments about such horrific events? How does visual media facilitate the raising of profound moral and religious questions about the Holocaust and our responses to it? Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-260-01=ASI-260-01 This course examines the history of an important but underappreciated region of the world, the Central Asian steppes (grasslands). We will look at the origins of the horse-riding pastoralists who lived there and periodically threatened the sedentary civilizations around the steppes, consider the role of the region as a highway connecting the major sedentary areas commercially (aka "The Silk Road"), and trace the dynamics and chronology of the major steppe political powers that emerged there, including the Scythians whom Herodotus wrote about, the Hsiung Nu of Chinese fame, and the Huns and Turks who took their turns being terrifying to various folk. We will look closely at the climax of all this, the sudden emergence of the Mongols as world conquerors. We will close around 1700, when the steppes ceased to maintain an independent political existence.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. BLS-270-01=ENG-260-02. This course will introduce students to the contemporary movement for social justice and racial equality and policing reform. In the wake of recent murders of unarmed Black Americans at the hands of law enforcement agents, this course will provide context to the global movement for the recognition and dismantling of structural and systemic racism that denies justice to Black victims of state sanctioned violence. The course will draw upon novels, essays, news articles, social media, political theory and theological texts. These materials will ground class discussions and help to unpack the many ways that race continues to matter. Students will come away with a deeper awareness of how historical racial practices and assumptions continue to impact the life chances of Black people. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

VIRTUAL COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS.ART-210-02D=BLS270-03D This course will look at Hollywood films that feature stories, dress, settings, architecture, and art inspired by Africa. It will look at how visual forms from Africa have been used in such varied films as The Black Panther (2018), Coming to America (1988), and Black is King (2020). The focus of the course will be on the original art, architecture, and dress of Africa that is referred to in these films. These African visual forms will be explored as evidence of rituals and beliefs of the various cultural groups that created them.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-310-01=BLS-300-01=GEN-300-01. This class is about the ghosts that haunt the literature of the American South. After the Civil War, when the ideal of the pastoral plantation crumbled, Southern writers sought to contend with the brutal historic realities that had always lurked behind the white-pillared façade: poverty, violence, slavery, racism, patriarchy. Southern Gothic literature-which emerged in the early 19th century and continues strong today-is marked by dark humor, transgressive desires, grotesque violence, folk spiritualism, hereditary sins, emotional and environmental isolation, supernatural forces, and punishing madness. In this class, we will listen to the stories that the ghosts of the American South have told, and still tell today. We'll read the work of authors such as William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, Carson McCullers, Tennessee Williams, Richard Wright, Dorothy Allison, Zora Neal Hurston, Toni Morrison, Kristen Arnett, Karen Russell, Gillian Flynn, and Jesmyn Ward. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. BLS-300-02=ENG-370-01. What can literature teach us about the relationship between race and law? How can legal texts about race be read as a form of literature? In this course, we will address how literature (both fiction and non-fiction) exposes the way the law negotiates and reinforces systems of race and racism. We will think about the ways in which many literary texts depict the law at work alongside how literature can challenge us to be better interpreters of the law. This course will engage literary texts and legal texts from different time periods with a central focus on how the law highlights and subverts the pursuit of racial justice. Assigned works will include Byran Stevenson Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption and Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. We will also read several legal texts such as Somerset v. Stewart (1772), Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) and look at Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Assignments will include literary and legal analysis papers, an in-class oral presentation, regular quizzes, and a final research paper. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. SOPHOMORES, JUNIORS AND SENIORS ONLY. HIS-340-01=PSC-310-01=PPE-338-01=BLS-300-03 Americans sought to right the wrongs that caused our bloody Civil War through constitutional amendments abolishing slavery, guaranteeing equal protection of the law, and protecting the right to vote during Reconstruction. Why did these amendments completely fail to achieve their purposes for nearly a century until the Civil Rights Movement of the late 1950s and the 1960s? And to what extent do the failures of Reconstruction continue to plague us today? Can we trace them to today's Black Lives Matter movement or last summer's protests over the death of George Floyd? We will begin our search for answers by trying to recover what freedom, equality, and the right to vote meant both to those who advocated the Reconstruction Amendments and those who strenuously opposed them. We will also examine the "politics of history"-how in the decades after Reconstruction, some tailored the history of that era and the Civil War to support their political agenda in favor of a segregated society. Finally, we will ask whether that distorted history of Reconstruction still affects us today. Is it still "baked" into our legal and political system? These are all critical questions because we still rely upon the Reconstruction Amendments to resolve most of our major civil rights questions, including voting rights, immigrant rights, affirmative action, and LGBTQ rights. We will examine a number of these recent civil rights decisions in light of the understanding we gain about Reconstruction. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 1ST HALF SEMESTER. After learning the basic reactivity of functional groups in Organic Chemistry, it is important to consider specific applications of this knowledge. Even within the pharmaceutical industry, organic chemists involved in the stages of drug discovery and production have very different concerns and employ different strategies. We will look at the role of organic chemistry in the medicinal field through the pharmaceutical industry. This one-half credit course meets three times a week for the first half of the semester. Prerequisite: CHE 321: Organic Chemistry II (or instructor permission)

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 1ST HALF SEMESTER. This course offers further study of special topics in physical chemistry beyond the topics covered in CHE 351. Examples of recent topics include time-dependent quantum mechanics as explored through spin and other two state-systems, and the quantum-mechanical treatment of laser-based spectroscopies. This course is offered on an occasional basis. Prerequisites: CHE-351

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 2ND HALF SEMESTER. The Trojan War in Archaeology, Text, and Film A conflict of epic proportions, the Trojan War sits at the center of Western ideology about valor, masculinity, and athleticism. We will start by reading Homer's Iliad, the earliest surviving narrative of the war, evaluate the historicity of the conflict by sifting through archaeological evidence, and finally consider later retellings of it, including a Greek tragedy and the Hollywood blockbuster Troy.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 1ST HALF SEMESTER. CLA-113-01=HIS-210-01. Eureka! Science, Tech, Engineering and Math in the Ancient World, Archimedes, the famous Sicilian-Greek mathematician and inventor, is said to have founded the discipline of fluid dynamics in the 3rd century BC while taking a bath. But beyond the confines of Archimedes' bathtub, the evolution of what we now think of as "science" was often a freewheeling and haphazard affair, with many fascinating detours and dead ends along the way. This course will survey ancient Greek and Roman innovations in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math, along with their varied connections to the modern world. We will study the earliest attempts to understand, quantify, and control the natural world of the ancient Mediterranean, tracing the origins and growth of modern "STEM" fields from Archaic Greece to Imperial Rome.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 2ND HALF SEMESTER. CLA-113-02=HIS-210-02. Eureka! Science, Tech, Engineering and Math in the Ancient World Archimedes. The famous Sicilian-Greek mathematician and inventor, is said to have founded the discipline of fluid dynamics in the 3rd century BC while taking a bath. But beyond the confines of Archimedes' bathtub, the evolution of what we now think of as "science" was often a freewheeling and haphazard affair, with many fascinating detours and dead ends along the way. This course will survey ancient Greek and Roman innovations in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math, along with their varied connections to the modern world. We will study the earliest attempts to understand, quantify, and control the natural world of the ancient Mediterranean, tracing the origins and growth of modern "STEM" fields from Archaic Greece to Imperial Rome.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. CLA-213-01=HIS-210-03 Pompeii: Daily Life in a Roman City Destroyed and thus also preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, Pompeii offers an extremely rich document of Roman life. This seminar-style course concentrates on the primary evidence of graffiti, historical documents, wall paintings, artifacts, and other archaeological remains from the world's most famous archaeological site - together with its lesser-known cousin, Herculaneum - to shed light on Roman culture and society. We will explore the experience of everyday Romans across a number of realms: entertainment, politics, commerce, deviance, housing, religion, slavery, leisure, industry, commerce, and many more. In addition to discussion, presentations and several small projects/papers form the backbone of the course.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. The continued popularity of crime scene analysis dramas and literary whodunits reflect society's fascination with criminal investigation. This survey course in chemistry will focus on the theme of forensic science. It is designed for non-science concentrators, which considers the historical and philosophical developments in chemistry, as well as the application of chemical principles to physical phenomena, social issues, and criminalistics. Topics include the development of the atomic theory of matter, atomic structure, chemical bonding, thermodynamics, the chemistry of life (organic and biochemistry), and forensic analysis. Some elementary mathematics will be used. Twolectures and one laboratory each week. Partially fulfills the College laboratory science requirement, but cannot be combined with CHE101 or CHE 111 to complete the laboratory science requirement. This course does not satisfy requirements for the chemistry major or minor

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ECO-358-01=PPE-358-01. Immigration is an important current issue not only in the US, but across the globe, and past migrations have shaped history. This class will study the economic causes and consequences of migration. We will study how politics have shaped migration policy, and how policy shapes outcomes. While the economics of migration will be the primary focus, we will also consider the politics and ethics of migration policy. This class does not require intermediate economic theory or econometrics and thus it does not count towards the upper-level course requirement for the economics major. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUALLEARNERS. ECO-358-02=PPE-358-02 Although wars may have many causes, a political economy focus can be an extremely useful tool for understanding why wars occur, why they succeed or fail, how they are fought, etc. Certainly, wars always have economic consequences. This course applies economic concepts to evaluate human action as a result of war and the threat of war by examining historical wars such as the American revolution, the World Wars, and more recent ones like the war of drugs and the war on terror. Topics explored will be the economics of conflict, revolutions, civil war, foreign interventions, humanitarian interventions, War and Prosperity, etc. Students will develop a deeper understanding of these issues through a framework of Politics, Philosophy, and Economics.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. The goal of this course is to explore the theory and the empirical evidence for investment management. The major topics are elements of investments, securities markets, portfolio theory, debt securities, derivatives market and investment planning. It will provide the basic knowledge about the current financial markets, valuation of investment tools and different investment strategies. This course will help to develop the quantitative analytical skill that can be applied to a broad range of investment decisions and thus will require use of Excel and other statistical packages. After completing the course, students will be able to explain and apply the key concepts and techniques in investments to their daily lives and be able to understand how they work. The students who want to develop their decision-making abilities in investments or are planning to start a career as investment professionals will find this course useful. The subject matter of this course is intended to complement two other courses (Money and Banking and/or Corporate Finance) through application of the concepts to real world scenarios.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 1ST HALF SEMESTER. According to the Center for Public Education "Approximately half the school districts in the United States are located in rural areas," yet urban and suburban schools attract most of the nation's attention both in terms of policy and academia. This course offers an introduction to rural education with attention to some of the most pressing issues facing rural schools: state and federal funding, the viability of popular reform initiatives, curricular programs including vocational education, teacher shortages, access to technology, diversity, and poverty.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. Travel with Dante through hell, purgatory, and the celestial sphere-and also deep into the world of Medieval Italy. Dante Alighieri's Divina Commedia (in English, The Divine Comedy), is an epic poem written by a man in crisis. Depressed and driven from his homeland, Dante dedicated a decade of his life to this work, seeking to find meaning in heartbreak, exile, and tragic loss. What is the narrator looking for? Himself. His first love. Home. Revenge. Salvation. God. Each of these answers is correct, yet none is sufficient. Along the way, the poem is unsparing, as it exposes the corruption of politicians, popes, priests, and commoners alike. On this literary journey, we will read about the people, places, beliefs, and questions that moved the spiritual seekers of the Middle Ages, and line them up against the questions that plague our own age. Past students in this course have been surprised and pleased by how Dante's search for moral and ethical clarity-and his boldness in speaking truth to power-has inspired them on their own journeys.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-180-01=ART-210-01=ENG-180-01F=ART-210-01F. Dismissed once as kids' fare or shrugged off as sub-literate-"in the hierarchy of applied arts," Art Spiegelman once wrote, comic books surpass only "tattoo art and sign painting"-comics today are enjoying their Renaissance. In 2015, comics and graphic novel sales topped $1 billon, a 20-year high. Award-winning writers now moonlight for Marvel (Roxanne Gay, Ta-Nehisi Coates) or pen essays on Peanuts (Jonathan Franzen). Superheroes dominate the big screen. In this class, we'll explore this deceptively simple medium as it develops its special abilities. We'll use Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics, a critical text that is itself a comic, to become smart readers of sequential art. Hillary Chute's new book Why Comics? will help us to frame comics's enduring subject matters: sex, the suburbs, disasters, and superheroes. Readings might include Alison Bechdel's Fun Home, selection from the Hernandez Brothers' Love and Rockets, Spiegelman's Maus, Lynda Barry's One! Hundred! Demons!, and works by Daniel Clowes, Harvey Pekar, R. Crumb, Ebony Flowers, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, and others. The course is open to all students; underclassmen are encouraged to enroll. There will be capes and tights.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-180-01=ART-210-01=ENG-180-01F=ART-210-01F. Dismissed once as kids' fare or shrugged off as sub-literate-"in the hierarchy of applied arts," Art Spiegelman once wrote, comic books surpass only "tattoo art and sign painting"-comics today are enjoying their Renaissance. In 2015, comics and graphic novel sales topped $1 billon, a 20-year high. Award-winning writers now moonlight for Marvel (Roxanne Gay, Ta-Nehisi Coates) or pen essays on Peanuts (Jonathan Franzen). Superheroes dominate the big screen. In this class, we'll explore this deceptively simple medium as it develops its special abilities. We'll use Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics, a critical text that is itself a comic, to become smart readers of sequential art. Hillary Chute's new book Why Comics? will help us to frame comics's enduring subject matters: sex, the suburbs, disasters, and superheroes. Readings might include Alison Bechdel's Fun Home, selection from the Hernandez Brothers' Love and Rockets, Spiegelman's Maus, Lynda Barry's One! Hundred! Demons!, and works by Daniel Clowes, Harvey Pekar, R. Crumb, Ebony Flowers, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, and others. The course is open to all students; underclassmen are encouraged to enroll. There will be capes and tights.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. Before every class meeting one character will die. Whodunit? It's up to you, gumshoe. This class will explore the genres of mystery and detective fiction, as well as true crimes recorded in Lilly Library's Special Collections. Students will interact with diverse media, such as poetry, fiction, graphic novels, and film. Combining literary analysis, creative writing, and criminology, each student will develop the critical thinking skills necessary to identify culprits, or construct their own ingenious crime-just don't violate the Gentlemen's Rule!

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. The normal prerequisite of ENG-110 is waived for this course. A memoir essay is a true story that uses some of the tools of fiction. It tells a personal story in pursuit of factual and emotional truths while asking broader questions about memory, human interactions, and more. Our own experiences will be the springboard for developing a well-crafted narrative that will help us generate insightful questions about childhood, education, friendships, and even the current pandemic. This course in creative nonfiction will have a strong workshopping component. In addition, each week we will read memoir essays by James Baldwin, Edwidge Danticat, Zadie Smith, David Sedaris, Alexandar Hemon, and Esmé Weijun Wang. Besides writing personal narratives and reading a variety of texts, students will also be responsible for peer evaluation and critique.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-260-02=BLS-270-01.This course will introduce students to the contemporary movement for social justice and racial equality and policing reform. In the wake of recent murders of unarmed Black Americans at the hands of law enforcement agents, this course will provide context to the global movement for the recognition and dismantling of structural and systemic racism that denies justice to Black victims of state sanctioned violence. The course will draw upon novels, essays, news articles, social media, political theory and theological texts. These materials will ground class discussions and help to unpack the many ways that race continues to matter. Students will come away with a deeper awareness of how historical racial practices and assumptions continue to impact the life chances of Black people. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-270-01=FRE-277-01 Inspired by the American Revolution and the founding of an independent American republic, French revolutionaries built their model of a new state upon the principals of freedom (la liberté), equality (l'égalité), and fraternity (la fraternité). But, as in the United States, these enshrined ideals have been far from the realities of common experience. Through political treatises, essays, works of literature, and film, this course will trace the paradoxes and contradictions that emerge as the ideal of fraternité clashes with oppressive regimes, economic disparity, misogyny, colonialism, xenophobia, homophobia, and racism. A guiding question in this course will be how works of literature centered on questions of social justice lend themselves so well to the screen and stage, and we will end with a look at the prevalence of social justice themes in contemporary film. We will also consider the ways in which American and French ideals of fraternity harmonize or clash with each other. A sampling of authors and film directors include Voltaire, George Sand, Victor Hugo, Emile Zola, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Aimé Césaire, Louis Malle, and Agnès Varda. This course will be taught in English, and we will use English translations of French texts. Those taking the course for credit towards the French major or minor will be expected to do the readings and written assignments in French. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-310-01=BLS-300-01=GEN-300-01. This class is about the ghosts that haunt the literature of the American South. After the Civil War, when the ideal of the pastoral plantation crumbled, Southern writers sought to contend with the brutal historic realities that had always lurked behind the white-pillared façade: poverty, violence, slavery, racism, patriarchy. Southern Gothic literature-which emerged in the early 19th century and continues strong today-is marked by dark humor, transgressive desires, grotesque violence, folk spiritualism, hereditary sins, emotional and environmental isolation, supernatural forces, and punishing madness. In this class, we will listen to the stories that the ghosts of the American South have told, and still tell today. We'll read the work of authors such as William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, Carson McCullers, Tennessee Williams, Richard Wright, Dorothy Allison, Zora Neal Hurston, Toni Morrison, Kristen Arnett, Karen Russell, Gillian Flynn, and Jesmyn Ward. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-370-01=BLS-300-02. What can literature teach us about the relationship between race and law? How can legal texts about race be read as a form of literature? In this course, we will address how literature (both fiction and non-fiction) exposes the way the law negotiates and reinforces systems of race and racism. We will think about the ways in which many literary texts depict the law at work alongside how literature can challenge us to be better interpreters of the law. This course will engage literary texts and legal texts from different time periods with a central focus on how the law highlights and subverts the pursuit of racial justice. Assigned works will include Byran Stevenson Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption and Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. We will also read several legal texts such as Somerset v. Stewart (1772), Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) and look at Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Assignments will include literary and legal analysis papers, an in-class oral presentation, regular quizzes, and a final research paper. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. FRE-277-01=ENG-270-01 Inspired by the American Revolution and the founding of an independent American republic, French revolutionaries built their model of a new state upon the principals of freedom (la liberté), equality (l'égalité), and fraternity (la fraternité). But, as in the United States, these enshrined ideals have been far from the realities of common experience. Through political treatises, essays, works of literature, and film, this course will trace the paradoxes and contradictions that emerge as the ideal of fraternité clashes with oppressive regimes, economic disparity, misogyny, colonialism, xenophobia, homophobia, and racism. A guiding question in this course will be how works of literature centered on questions of social justice lend themselves so well to the screen and stage, and we will end with a look at the prevalence of social justice themes in contemporary film. We will also consider the ways in which American and French ideals of fraternity harmonize or clash with each other. A sampling of authors and film directors include Voltaire, George Sand, Victor Hugo, Emile Zola, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Aimé Césaire, Louis Malle, and Agnès Varda. This course will be taught in English, and we will use English translations of French texts. Those taking the course for credit towards the French major or minor will be expected to do the readings and written assignments in French. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. THE-206-02=GEN-103-01 This course will explore historical and contemporary American theater expressions of gender and cultural identity. We will use performances, scripts, and scholarly writings to analyze the representation of gender in Indigenous, Hispanic, Black, white, and Asian American theater, taking into consideration the historical and political context for the creation and production of these works. We will also examine the tension between entertainment and socio-political engagement for performers, playwrights, and audiences. Sample theorists and playwrights: bell hooks, Jill Dolan, Milcha Sanchez-Scott, Tarell Alvin McCraney, Young Jean Lee, Nilo Cruz, and Qui Nguyen. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-340-02=PSC240-01=GEN-200-01 This course examines the role of children in international affairs through the many dynamics of war and conflict during the twentieth century. It will consider how the demographics of war-torn societies, and the gendered nature of war have disproportionately victimized women and children. Specifically, students will discuss how war produces children through rape, lust, and love, the effects of war on children and the participation of children in war. The course will also consider the responsibilities of the international community broadly, and the United States specifically, to protect and support children of war including those fathered by American soldiers. In addition, students will learn about various types of child exploitation and child saving that make both mothers and their children vulnerable during conflict including international adoption, child-sponsorship, and immigration and refugee policies. Students will examine a number of case studies regarding child soldiers, children born of war, transnational adoption, and child migrants.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. PSC-210-01=GEN-210-01=HIS-240 100 Years of Woman Suffrage: Women as Voters, Candidates, and Elected Officials in US Politics The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which forbids states from denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex, was ratified just over a century ago in 1920. This course examines women's role in American election politics in the hundred years since: Are there distinctive patterns or trends in women's voting behavior? Do women run for office for different reasons than men, and do they campaign differently? Once elected, how do women perform as representatives? How do gender and other demographic characteristics (e.g. race, ethnicity, religion, sexuality, etc.) interact to shape women's experience as voters, candidates, and representatives in American politics? What has changed since 1920 and what hasn't? We'll look at the work political scientists and other researchers have done so far to answer these questions, consider individual women's experiences as American voters, candidates, and elected officials, and weigh in on ongoing debates about whether and how to enhance women's participation in electoral politics in the United States and beyond. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. THE-103-03=MUS-104-01=GEN-277-01 In this course we will embark on a journey to explore the concept of heroism in musical culture. Focusing exclusively on the American musical theater repertoire, we will meet individuals who changed the way music has been composed, performed, and perceived. We will focus on the heroic archetype and gender studies to examine characters from selected musicals who broke through artistic and gender boundaries. The course also considers musical theater performers and songwriters who have used their public prominence to promote social change and defy limits of gender. Examples include songs, characters, performers, and creators of shows from the 1950s to the present, including recent hits like Hamilton (2015) and Six (2017).

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-310-01=BLS-300-01=GEN-300-01. This class is about the ghosts that haunt the literature of the American South. After the Civil War, when the ideal of the pastoral plantation crumbled, Southern writers sought to contend with the brutal historic realities that had always lurked behind the white-pillared façade: poverty, violence, slavery, racism, patriarchy. Southern Gothic literature-which emerged in the early 19th century and continues strong today-is marked by dark humor, transgressive desires, grotesque violence, folk spiritualism, hereditary sins, emotional and environmental isolation, supernatural forces, and punishing madness. In this class, we will listen to the stories that the ghosts of the American South have told, and still tell today. We'll read the work of authors such as William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, Carson McCullers, Tennessee Williams, Richard Wright, Dorothy Allison, Zora Neal Hurston, Toni Morrison, Kristen Arnett, Karen Russell, Gillian Flynn, and Jesmyn Ward. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. ENG-215-01=GEN-304-01 How do we distinguish the hero from the villain? From the rise of Beowulf to the fall of Satan, this course will cross-and even disrupt-temporalities. We will analyze the shifts and rifts that differentiate Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English literatures. These texts reveal genders and sexualities are socially constructed, and the "traditional English literary canon" is informed by marginalized people; therefore, this class is cross-listed with Gender Studies and meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. GER-312-01=HIS-230-02. Culture and civilization of the German people from first attestations to the Nazi period. Conducted in English. Students examine representative periods and thinkers in German history. Beginning with the first encounters of Germanic tribes with the Roman Empire, the course proceeds to successive changes brought on by migration, Christianization, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, Nationalism, the Industrial Revolution, and political unification, with a special eye on the persistent issue of German national identity. Students who take the course under the German listing will be expected to read primary literature in German and write their assessments in German. Students who attend through the History listing will read and write in English.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. GHL-212=PSC-212=HIS-240-01=PPE-234. UPDATED COURSE DESCRIPTION: The economic impact of the current global pandemic, including the evictions it will cause, reflects a harsh reality:  tens of millions of Americans still live in poverty although this is the richest nation on earth.  What should government do about this?  From the New Deal to the present, have our federal, state and local poverty initiatives done more harm or good?  Have government benefits lifted citizens out of poverty or created dependency that traps them in poverty? Has government integrated citizens or continued to segregate them based upon race or wealth?  Or should the focus instead be on our courts?  Do they extend equal justice to the poor, or do they favor landlords and others with whom the poor do business?  This is a critical time to ask these questions.  Even before the pandemic struck, America had one of the highest levels of economic inequality and one of the lowest levels of economic mobility in its own history and among other industrialized nations.  In addition, while the poor are participating less in politics, wealthy Americans are participating and funding more and more.  Given the importance and difficulty of these issues, we will consider a wide variety of views including those of liberals, conservatives and libertarians. We will ground our study not only in history but also in the present, lived experience of the urban poor as reported in Matthew Desmond's Evicted and the rural poor as reported in JD Vance's Hillbilly Elegy.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. REL-280-01=GHL-219-01 This discussion-based course will focus on the intersection of Christianity and mental health in the United States. Some of the questions we will consider include: In what ways does Christianity make sense of mental illness and disorder? How might Christianity contribute to mental health and well-being, on the one hand, and to mental disorders on the other? The U.S. today suffers from an epidemic of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. How does the Christian church address these issues, along with others like mental handicaps and destructive behaviors such as addictions? Finally, what are the particular mental health challenges facing young people today, especially young men, and what resources might the American Christian tradition bring to bear on them?

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. PHI-319-02=PPE-329-02=GHL-310-01 Controversies in bioethics have become a regular part of contemporary life. We are in the midst of a biological and technological revolution that raises interesting and important ethical and philosophical questions: When does life begin? How do we define death? What life is worth living, who decides, and how? When is experimentation on humans justified? Should we allow a free market in human organs, tissues, genes? Should we use new technologies for human enhancement? What does it mean to suffer from disease and disability? What is a good relationship between a patient and caregivers? How can we provide a just distribution of health-care resources? We will consider these and other questions in a seminar discussion format. Recommended Prerequisites: (i) some background in biology (e.g. BIO 101) AND (ii) one prior course in philosophy or completion of Enduring Questions.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS.HIS-300-01=GHL-310-03 Students in this seminar will explore readings in medical history from the ancient Greeks to modern Europeans. The course begins by examining classical Greek interpretations of the body and illness. Ancient ideas about the body, adopted during the European middle ages and renaissance, will continue to inform western medical practices through treatments such as cupping and bloodletting. Turning to the 18th and 19th centuries, students will study the development of formal and informal medical structures as they appeared in western Europe. Readings cover quackery, first laboratories, hospitals, military medicine, and medical educations. Final topics in the course will include discoveries in hygiene, changes in surgical practices, and the cultural and social impact of disease. This year we will conclude the course with a discussion of public health, emerging pathogens, and virus hunters. This course is suitable for those interested in social or cultural history, students wishing to pursue a medical degree, or anyone seeking a better understanding of modern medicine in the age of pandemic. Assignments will include several short papers and a research paper on a topic in medical history. Prerequisite: at least 0.5 credit in HIS

How, when, where, and to what end can killing be considered legitimate? Using the Second World War as our primary case study, this course will examine the moral choices that states and individuals make in wars. We will concentrate on the pre- and post-facto rhetoric and reality - intentions, decisions, execution, and legitimation - of violence against civilians among major combatants. We will consider historical efforts to protect civilians and examine why laws of war and international agreements have protected civilians in the first place. We will explore how and whether we can differentiate between licit and illicit forms of violence against civilians. We will ask whether we can distinguish Soviet, American, British, German, and Japanese use of force, and what difference genocide and the Holocaust make in completing our analysis.

The periphery of the United States is not only made up of physical borderlands but also of legal interstitial zones, places that test the reach of American sovereignty. This discussion-based course will look at places where American law bumps up against other defining markers, the contact-zones that challenge the prevalent legal paradigms. We will examine how these areas define what constitutes an American; how the government makes specific identities within its jurisdiction visible and invisible. Topics we will cover include: statelessness and denaturalization, American extraterritorial courts in China, gender and sexuality under the law, the American Guano Islands, outlawing "coolies," the insular cases and citizen-subjects, and Guantanamo Bay, not to mention the making and unmaking of physical borderlands around the United States. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. 1ST HALF SEMESTER. HIS-210-01=CLA-113-01 Eureka! Science, Tech, Engineering and Math in the Ancient World Archimedes, the famous Sicilian-Greek mathematician and inventor, is said to have founded the discipline of fluid dynamics in the 3rd century BC while taking a bath. But beyond the confines of Archimedes' bathtub, the evolution of what we now think of as "science" was often a freewheeling and haphazard affair, with many fascinating detours and dead ends along the way. This course will survey ancient Greek and Roman innovations in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math, along with their varied connections to the modern world. We will study the earliest attempts to understand, quantify, and control the natural world of the ancient Mediterranean, tracing the origins and growth of modern "STEM" fields from Archaic Greece to Imperial Rome.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-210-03=CLA-213-01 Pompeii: Daily Life in a Roman City Destroyed and thus also preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, Pompeii offers an extremely rich document of Roman life. This seminar-style course concentrates on the primary evidence of graffiti, historical documents, wall paintings, artifacts, and other archaeological remains from the world's most famous archaeological site - together with its lesser-known cousin, Herculaneum - to shed light on Roman culture and society. We will explore the experience of everyday Romans across a number of realms: entertainment, politics, commerce, deviance, housing, religion, slavery, leisure, industry, commerce, and many more. In addition to discussion, presentations and several small projects/papers form the backbone of the course.

1ST HALF SEMESTER. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-230-01=MUS-204-02 The four lads from Liverpool were arguably the most significant cultural event of the mid-20th c, from popular music to fashion,politics, and religion. This course will study the Beatles in their social, political and cultural context, from post-war Britain of the 1940s, through the economic and social recovery of the 50s, and the swinging and turbulent sixties. We will use a range of methods including social and cultural history as well as musicology.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-230-02=GER-312-01. Culture and civilization of the German people from first attestations to the Nazi period. Conducted in English. Students examine representative periods and thinkers in German history. Beginning with the first encounters of Germanic tribes with the Roman Empire, the course proceeds to successive changes brought on by migration, Christianization, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, Nationalism, the Industrial Revolution, and political unification, with a special eye on the persistent issue of German national identity. Students who take the course under the German listing will be expected to read primary literature in German and write their assessments in German. Students who attend through the History listing will read and write in English.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-240-01=PSC-212=PPE-234=GHL-212. UPDATED COURSE DESCRIPTION: The economic impact of the current global pandemic, including the evictions it will cause, reflects a harsh reality:  tens of millions of Americans still live in poverty although this is the richest nation on earth.  What should government do about this?  From the New Deal to the present, have our federal, state and local poverty initiatives done more harm or good?  Have government benefits lifted citizens out of poverty or created dependency that traps them in poverty? Has government integrated citizens or continued to segregate them based upon race or wealth?  Or should the focus instead be on our courts?  Do they extend equal justice to the poor, or do they favor landlords and others with whom the poor do business?  This is a critical time to ask these questions.  Even before the pandemic struck, America had one of the highest levels of economic inequality and one of the lowest levels of economic mobility in its own history and among other industrialized nations.  In addition, while the poor are participating less in politics, wealthy Americans are participating and funding more and more.  Given the importance and difficulty of these issues, we will consider a wide variety of views including those of liberals, conservatives and libertarians. We will ground our study not only in history but also in the present, lived experience of the urban poor as reported in Matthew Desmond's Evicted and the rural poor as reported in JD Vance's Hillbilly Elegy.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-240-02=PSC-210=GEN-210. The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which forbids states from denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex, was ratified just over a century ago in 1920. This course examines women's role in American election politics in the hundred years since: Are there distinctive patterns or trends in women's voting behavior? Do women run for office for different reasons than men, and do they campaign differently? Once elected, how do women perform as representatives? How do gender and other demographic characteristics (e.g. race, ethnicity, religion, sexuality, etc.) interact to shape women's experience as voters, candidates, and representatives in American politics? What has changed since 1920 and what hasn't? We'll look at the work political scientists and other researchers have done so far to answer these questions, consider individual women's experiences as American voters, candidates, and elected officials, and weigh in on ongoing debates about whether and how to enhance women's participation in electoral politics in the United States and beyond. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-260-01=ASI-260-01 This course examines the history of an important but underappreciated region of the world, the Central Asian steppes (grasslands). We will look at the origins of the horse-riding pastoralists who lived there and periodically threatened the sedentary civilizations around the steppes, consider the role of the region as a highway connecting the major sedentary areas commercially (aka "The Silk Road"), and trace the dynamics and chronology of the major steppe political powers that emerged there, including the Scythians whom Herodotus wrote about, the Hsiung Nu of Chinese fame, and the Huns and Turks who took their turns being terrifying to various folk. We will look closely at the climax of all this, the sudden emergence of the Mongols as world conquerors. We will close around 1700, when the steppes ceased to maintain an independent political existence.

HYBRID COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-300-01=GHL-310-03 Students in this seminar will explore readings in medical history from the ancient Greeks to modern Europeans. The course begins by examining classical Greek interpretations of the body and illness. Ancient ideas about the body, adopted during the European middle ages and renaissance, will continue to inform western medical practices through treatments such as cupping and bloodletting. Turning to the 18th and 19th centuries, students will study the development of formal and informal medical structures as they appeared in western Europe. Readings cover quackery, first laboratories, hospitals, military medicine, and medical educations. Final topics in the course will include discoveries in hygiene, changes in surgical practices, and the cultural and social impact of disease. This year we will conclude the course with a discussion of public health, emerging pathogens, and virus hunters. This course is suitable for those interested in social or cultural history, students wishing to pursue a medical degree, or anyone seeking a better understanding of modern medicine in the age of pandemic. Assignments will include several short papers and a research paper on a topic in medical history.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS.SOPHOMORES, JUNIORS AND SENIORS ONLY. HIS-340-01=PSC-310-01=PPE-338-01=BLS-300-03 Americans sought to right the wrongs that caused our bloody Civil War through constitutional amendments abolishing slavery, guaranteeing equal protection of the law, and protecting the right to vote during Reconstruction. Why did these amendments completely fail to achieve their purposes for nearly a century until the Civil Rights Movement of the late 1950s and the 1960s? And to what extent do the failures of Reconstruction continue to plague us today? Can we trace them to today's Black Lives Matter movement or last summer's protests over the death of George Floyd? We will begin our search for answers by trying to recover what freedom, equality, and the right to vote meant both to those who advocated the Reconstruction Amendments and those who strenuously opposed them. We will also examine the "politics of history"-how in the decades after Reconstruction, some tailored the history of that era and the Civil War to support their political agenda in favor of a segregated society. Finally, we will ask whether that distorted history of Reconstruction still affects us today. Is it still "baked" into our legal and political system? These are all critical questions because we still rely upon the Reconstruction Amendments to resolve most of our major civil rights questions, including voting rights, immigrant rights, affirmative action, and LGBTQ rights. We will examine a number of these recent civil rights decisions in light of the understanding we gain about Reconstruction. Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-340-02=PSC240-01=GEN-200-01 This course examines the role of children in international affairs through the many dynamics of war and conflict during the twentieth century. It will consider how the demographics of war-torn societies, and the gendered nature of war have disproportionately victimized women and children. Specifically, students will discuss how war produces children through rape, lust, and love, the effects of war on children and the participation of children in war. The course will also consider the responsibilities of the international community broadly, and the United States specifically, to protect and support children of war including those fathered by American soldiers. In addition, students will learn about various types of child exploitation and child saving that make both mothers and their children vulnerable during conflict including international adoption, child-sponsorship, and immigration and refugee policies. Students will examine a number of case studies regarding child soldiers, children born of war, transnational adoption, and child migrants.

VIRTUAL COURSE. HSP-270-01D=MUS-204-01D. This course surveys folk/vernacular, popular, and classical music from Latin American countries. Through the academic lens of Ethnomusicology, we will study the uses and functions of music in various Latin American societies, explore their musical practices, instruments, and performance traditions, and contextualize them with history, politics, and entertainment. As the course introduces different forms of music and how they have been combined (for example, how vernacular music is adapted into commercial popular music; and folk music becomes the basis of orchestral pieces), lectures, readings, and assignments will interrogate what defines both a Latin American musical identity and that of specific countries, specially vis-à-vis European and Anglo-American cultures.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. FULL SEMESTER; 1/2 CREDIT. This course will engage students with the ideas and people that can help them succeed at Wabash and will build upon similar experiences in the fall semester. Students will meet with Career Services staff to identify, apply for, and secure an internship for the summer, will talk with alumni about their Wabash stories of success, and will continue to develop an understanding of the hidden curriculum of higher education, including, but limited to, the expectations and strategies for interacting with college faculty and staff. In addition, students will practice foundational intellectual skills of careful reading, collaborative conversation, and effective writing via texts that reinforce and expand upon their readings for Enduring Questions. Grading in the course will be based upon preparation and engagement, weekly reflections, and class discussions. The course will meet one day per week, will count as a half-credit towards graduation. This half-credit will not count towards majors, minors, or distribution/proficiency requirements.

VIRTUAL COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. REL-295-01D=ART-210-03D=HUM-295-01D. This course explores a variety of representations of the Holocaust in theology, literature, film, and art. This interdisciplinary course examines the creative and material work of historians, theologians, novelists, poets, graphic novelists, painters, film makers, composers, photographers, and museum architects. The course explores the limits and possibilities of representing atrocity by raising such questions as: Can suffering be represented? What do representations of the Jewish genocide convey to 21st century citizens and subsequent generations of Jews and Christians? Is it barbaric to write poetry and fiction, paint or compose music, film documentaries and TV comedies, draw cartoons and graphic novels, publish photographs or erect monuments about such horrific events? How does visual media facilitate the raising of profound moral and religious questions about the Holocaust and our responses to it? Meets the Diversity Requirement for the PPE major.

VIRTUAL COURSE. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. REL-196-01D=HUM-296-01D.This course examines the parable as a distinctive literary form employed by Jews and Christians to communicate profound religious truths. Parables are subversive stories, word images that challenge conventional theological and moral perceptions. By design, the parable's enigmatic and riddling character presses readers to the limits of reason, belief, and action. The course investigates how parables work, who employs them, how readers defend against them, and why religious traditions worth their salt both need and resist them. Among the ancient and modern Jewish and Christian parablers to be studied are Jesus and the Gospel writers, the Rabbis and Hasidim, Kierkegaard and Kafka, Wiesel and Buber, Cohen and Crossan. We will look at parables that take visual expression in the artwork of post-Holocaust painter Samuel Bak and in the film "Fight Club. The course engages the study of literature, Jewish and Christian theology, art, and religious responses to the modern world.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. PSC-220-01=MAT-106-02 Voting and elections are the cornerstone of every democracy. They are how we the people tell the government what we want. Yet, complaints about the electoral process are as old as democracy itself. Even today -especially today- issues like Gerrymandering and the Electoral College have us questioning whether or no ordinary citizens really are qualified to make political decisions. "The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." -Joseph Stalin In this course, we will exam the variety of ways that voters decide and votes are counted. Are some electoral systems better than others? Are some fairer than others? Are those even the same thing? One unique feature of this course is that we will examine these issues from political and mathematical perspectives. Can math help us measure the proportionality, fairness, efficiency or effectiveness of a political system? Can it help us find solutions for the democratic dilemma? This course is cross-listed as MAT 106 and PSC 220. As such, it can be used to satisfy the Quantitative Skills, Quantitative Literacy, or Behavioral Science distribution credits.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. An introduction to fractal geometry and chaotic dynamics on fractals. Topics include iterated function systems, contraction mappings, similarity and Hausdorff dimension of fractals, and an introduction to Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. THE-103-03=MUS-104-01=GEN-277-01 In this course we will embark on a journey to explore the concept of heroism in musical culture. Focusing exclusively on the American musical theater repertoire, we will meet individuals who changed the way music has been composed, performed, and perceived. We will focus on the heroic archetype and gender studies to examine characters from selected musicals who broke through artistic and gender boundaries. The course also considers musical theater performers and songwriters who have used their public prominence to promote social change and defy limits of gender. Examples include songs, characters, performers, and creators of shows from the 1950s to the present, including recent hits like Hamilton (2015) and Six (2017).

VIRTUAL COURSE. MUS-204-01D=HSP-270-01D This course surveys folk/vernacular, popular, and classical music from Latin American countries. Through the academic lens of Ethnomusicology, we will study the uses and functions of music in various Latin American societies, explore their musical practices, instruments, and performance traditions, and contextualize them with history, politics, and entertainment. As the course introduces different forms of music and how they have been combined (for example, how vernacular music is adapted into commercial popular music; and folk music becomes the basis of orchestral pieces), lectures, readings, and assignments will interrogate what defines both a Latin American musical identity and that of specific countries, specially vis-à-vis European and Anglo-American cultures.

1st Half Semester. AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HIS-230-01=MUS-204-02 The four lads from Liverpool were arguably the most significant cultural event of the mid-20th c, from popular music to fashion,politics, and religion. This course will study the Beatles in their social, political and cultural context, from post-war Britain of the 1940s, through the economic and social recovery of the 50s, and the swinging and turbulent sixties. We will use a range of methods including social and cultural history as well as musicology.

HYBRID COURSE. In this course we will study pieces of music, composers, performers, and musical practices that reflect and shape national identities. Special attention will be given to musical traits and styles that define specific nationalities. Language and lyrics definitely help to shape national identity, but this course focuses on musical characteristics and compositional techniques that have been employed and recognized as representative of certain nations. Topics will include folk songs (from European and American traditions), orchestral pieces (from the Baroque French overture to Copland's Lincoln Portrait), national anthems (as studied by ethnomusicologists), and popular songs composed in the wake of and response to national disasters and political turmoil.

FACE TO FACE COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. PHI-319=PPE-329-02=GHL-310-01. Controversies in bioethics have become a regular part of contemporary life. We are in the midst of a biological and technological revolution that raises interesting and important ethical and philosophical questions: When does life begin? How do we define death? What life is worth living, who decides, and how? When is experimentation on humans justified? Should we allow a free market in human organs, tissues, genes? Should we use new technologies for human enhancement? What does it mean to suffer from disease and disability? What is a good relationship between a patient and caregivers? How can we provide a just distribution of health-care resources? We will consider these and other questions in a seminar discussion format. Recommended Prerequisites: (i) some background in biology (e.g. BIO 101) AND (ii) one prior course in philosophy or completion of Enduring Questions

HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. HYBRID COURSE. NOT AVAILABLE TO VIRTUAL LEARNERS. PSC-212=HIS-240-01=GHL-212=PPE-234-01. UPDATED COURSE DESCRIPTION: The economic impact of the current global pandemic, including the evictions it will cause, reflects a harsh reality: tens of millions of Americans still live in poverty although this is the richest nation on earth. What should government do about this? From the New Deal to the present, have our federal, state and local poverty initiatives done more harm or good? Have government benefits lifted citizens out of poverty or created dependency that traps them in poverty? Has government integrated citizens or continued to segregate them based upon race or wealth? Or should the focus instead be on our courts? Do they extend equal justice to the poor, or do they favor landlords and others with whom the poor do business? This is a critical time to ask these questions. Even before the pandemic struck, America had one of the highest levels of economic inequality and one of the lowest levels of economic mobility in its own history and among other industrialized nations. In addition, while the poor are participating less in politics, wealthy Americans are participating and funding more and more. Given the importance and difficulty of these issues, we will consider a wide variety of views including those of liberals, conservatives and libertarians. We will ground our study not only in history but also in the present, lived experience of the urban poor as reported in Matthew Desmond's Evicted and the rural poor as reported in JD Vance's Hillbilly Elegy.